<2020> Lithium Ion Battery Anode Technology Trend and Market Forecast (~2030)
Graphite is mostly being used as an anode material for lithium secondary batteries. It means that from 1991 - when Sony firstly commercialized lithium secondary batteries - until now, graphite has firmly maintained its throne of anode materials. This has nearly been steadfast even for the last 20 years, while other materials, including cathode, separator, etc., have changed.
Graphite is largely divided into natural and artificial graphite. Raw ores of natural graphite are yielded with graphite containing about 5-15% in graphite mines. In order for graphite to be used as an anode material for lithium secondary batteries, it must obtain the purity of at least 99.5% as a battery grade. To increase the purity up to such a degree, the dug natural graphite ore should go through beneficiation, chemical processing, etc. to remove impurities. It can sometimes be spheroidized or pitch-coated.
Artificial graphite, on the other hand, is the graphite generated by heating carbon precursors, such as petroleum, coal tar, and coke, whose starting materials are not natural minerals, at the high temperature higher than 2800°C.
Other than graphite, other anode materials include soft carbon and hard carbon, which are manufactured by heat-treating coke, consisting of carbon, at 1000-1200℃, relatively low temperature. Of these, hard carbon has had increasing importance as an anode material for EVs due to its excellent output characteristics.
As the composite-based, LTO, an oxide composite-based, is typical; the metal composite-based includes Sn-Co-C and the like. In addition, for anodes using graphite, an electrode may be manufactured by partially mixing Si and SiOx-based compounds with graphite to increase its capacity.
In order to be suitable as an anode material for lithium secondary batteries, the following conditions must be satisfied first:
– High charge and discharge capacity (per unit weight or volume)
– Initial irreversible capacity losses must be small
– Excellent charge and discharge cycle attributes
– High electrical conductivity and ion diffusion rate in active materials
– Small volume change caused by intercalation of lithium/delithiation
– Eco-friendly material
– Easiness to manufacture and low price
It is graphite that best satisfies these conditions. However, the continuous requirements for anode materials are suitable characteristic for the high capacity and high output of lithium secondary batteries.
In this report, we described the technical trends on various types of anode materials, especially the latest technical trends focusing on the alloy- and composite-based. In addition, we also reviewed the current status of anode material production by anode material company in Japan, China, Korea, and other countries. Finally, in the market segment, the pipeline in the industry was analyzed by country, company, and anode material type, in terms of trends in consumers and suppliers for the last five years. Furthermore, the demand was forecasted for the anode material market by 2025, based on the IT and EV markets.
Chapter Ⅰ. Current Status and Development Trend of Anode Material Technology
1. Introduction
2. Types of Anode Material
1.2.1 Lithium Metal
1.2.2 Carbon-Based Anode Material
1.2.3 Development Status of Anode Materials
Chapter Ⅱ. Carbon-Based Anode Material
1. Outline of Carbon-Based Anode Materials
2. Production of Carbon-Based Anode Materials
3. Soft Carbon-Based Anode Materials
4. Hard Carbon-Based Anode Materials
5. Collection and Recycling of Carbon-Based Anode Materials from Wasted Batteries
Chapter Ⅲ. Alloy-Based Anode Material
1. Outline of Alloy-Based Anode Materials
2. Properties of Alloy-Based Anode Materials
3. Problems and Solutions for Alloy-Based Anode Materials
3.3.1 Representative Problems
3.3.2 Metal Composite-Based Anode Materials
3.3.3 Metal-Carbon Composite-Based Anode Materials
4. SiOx-Based Anode Materials
3.4.1 Structural Properties
3.4.2 Electrochemical Properties
3.4.3 Application of Prelithiation Process
5. Study on Practical Application of Si-Based Anode Materials
3.5.1 Differences in Electrochemical Behaviors
3.5.2 Si-Single Electrode and Si/Graphite-Mixed Electrode
6. Other Si-Based Anode Materials
3.6.1 3-Dementional Porous Si
3.6.2 Si Nanotube
3.6.3 Metal/Alloy Thin Film-Type Anode Materials
Chapter Ⅳ. Compound Anode Material
1. Oxide-Based Anode Material
2. Nitride-Based Anode Material
Chapter Ⅴ. High Power Anode Materials
1. Outline of High Power Anode Materials
2. Intercalation Materials
5.2.1 Carbon Material
5.2.2 Li4Ti5O12
3. Alloy-Based Materials
4. Transition Materials
5. Nano-Structured Micro Particles
5.5.1 Nano-Structured Micro Carbon Materials
5.5.2 Nano-Structured Micro Li4Ti5O12
5.5.3 Nano-Structured Micro Si-Carbon Composite Active Material
6. Multichannel-Structured Graphite
7. Si-Graphite Hybrid Material (SEAG)
8. Future Outlook
Chapter Ⅵ. Influence of Anode on Safety
1. Thermal Stability of Anode
2. Stability for Quick Charging
Chapter Ⅶ. Trend and Outlook for Anode Material Markets
1. Anode Demand by Country
2. Anode Demand by Material
3. Anode Market by Supplier
4. Anode Demand by LIB Company
SDI/LGC/SKI/Panasonic/CATL/ATL/BYD/Lishen/Guoxuan/AESC
5. Anode Production Capacity
6. Demand Forecast by Material
7. Trend of Anode Prices
Chapter Ⅷ. Status of Anode Material Manufacturers
1. Korean Anode Company
Posco/Daejoo/Aekyung/MK
2. Japanese Anode Company
Hitachi/Mitsubishi/Nippon Carbon/JFE/Showa Denko/Shinetsu/Tokai Carbon
3. Chinese Anode Company
BTR/Shanshan/Shanzoom/Zichen/ZETO/Sinuo/XFH