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Battery, Battery Materials

 <2022> Outlook of Battery Metals (~2030)

 

As the demand for secondary batteries explodes, issues of securing raw materials continue to arise accordingly. Risks of the raw materials in the electric vehicle industry keep on increasing, because volatility in supply and demand of the raw materials and its prices heavily impact on the supply and demand and the price of electric vehicles.

In order to understand the supply and demand and the prices of the secondary battery materials, this report analyzes its correlation with the mining industry and the other industries where those commonly-used minerals are being consumed. And also the production process of the raw materials is analyzed and issues that may affect the secondary battery industry are examined.

This report predicts the market size of lithium, nickel, and cobalt which are the major cathode material materials, and the demand by the major companies by 2030. And it also predicts the metal prices based on situations of mines and supply of intermediate goods. This may help understand overall market status of the materials for secondary battery industry and help decision making process for related businesses by using this report as a reference.

The details are described in the following 9 chapters and the table of contents is as follows.

 

Table of Contents

 

1   Brief Introduction of Secondary Battery  

  1.1 What is Secondary Battery? 6

  1.2 Structure of Secondary Battery 7

  1.3 Principle of Secondary Battery 8

  1.4 Types of Secondary Battery 9

2   Materials of Secondary Batteries  

  2.1 Cathode Materials 11

  2.2 Anode Materials 12

  2.3 Electrolyte 13

  2.4 Separator 14

  2.5 Electrode Plate / Lead Tab 15

  2.6 Can, Cap Assembly, Pouch 16

  2.7 Composition of Raw Materials 17

3   Materials of Secondary Batteries  

  3.1 Materials by Component/Raw Material Type 19

  3.2 Components of Cathode Materials 20

  3.3 Content of Major Raw Materials in Cathode Materials 21

  3.4 Components of Anode Materials 23

4   Issues  

  4.1 Status of Top 3 Countries for Reserves and Production by Metal Type 27

  4.2 Development Lead Time for Minerals 28

  4.3 Up-Stream Market Share of Major Countries 29

  4.4 Metal Price Trend of Major Secondary Battery Raw Materials 30

  4.5 Futures for Lithium and Cobalt 33

  4.6 Issues on Carbon Emission of Raw Materials 34

  4.7 Trend of Recycling Regulation in Major Countries 35

  4.8 Trend of Vertical Integration of Market Participants 36

5   Metal Demand Outlook  

  5.1 Outlook of Secondary Battery Demand 38

  5.2 Outlook of Chemical Composition of Cathode Materials 39

  5.3 Outlook of Major Metals Demand 41

  5.4 Methodology of Demand Forecast 42

  5.5 Outlook of Metal Demand by Cathode Material Type (Lithium) 43

  5.6 Outlook of Metal Demand by Cathode Material Type (Nickel) 44

  5.7 Outlook of Metal Demand by Cathode Material Type (Cobalt) 45

  5.8 Outlook of Metal Demand by Cathode Material Type (Manganese) 46

  5.9 Outlook of Secondary Battery Production Capacity by Major Companies 47

  5.10 Outlook of Metal Demand by Major Companies (Korea, Domestic) 48

  5.11 Outlook of Metal Demand by Major Companies (Japan) 50

  5.12 Outlook of Metal Demand by Major Companies (China) 52

  5.13 Outlook of Metal Demand by Major Companies (Europe) 55

  5.14 Outlook of Metal Demand by Major Companies (US) 58

6   Lithium  

  6.1 Lithium Overview 61

  6.2 Lithium Products 62

  6.3 Forms of Lithium Resources 64

  6.4 Reserves and Production Status by Countries 65

  6.5 Lithium Extraction Process (1) - Brine 66

  6.6 Lithium Extraction Process (2) – Hard Rock 67

  6.7 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (1) – Export of Lithium Oxide and Lithium Hydroxide 70

  6.8 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (1)  – Import of Lithium Oxide and Lithium Hydroxide 71

  6.9 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (2) – Export of Lithium Carbonate 72

  6.10 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (2) – Import of Lithium Carbonate 73

  6.11 Status of Securing Lithium Supply 74

  6.12 Lithium Mining Supply 76

  6.13 Supply of Lithium Compounds 77

  6.14 Outlook of Production Capacity by Major Companies 78

  6.15 History and Outlook of Lithium Price 79

7   Nickel  

  7.1 Nickel Overview 81

  7.2 Nickel Products 82

  7.3 Forms of Nickel Resources 83

  7.4 Nickel Reserves and Production Status by Country 85

  7.5 Nickel Extraction Process (1) – Sulfide Ore 86

  7.6 Nickel Extraction Process (2) – Oxide Ore 87

  7.7 Supply Chain of Nickel (2020) 88

  7.8 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (1) – Export of Nickel Ore 89

  7.9 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (2) – Import of Nickel Ore 90

  7.10 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (3) – Export of Oxide/Hydroxide Nickel 91

  7.11 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (4) – Import of Oxide/Hydroxide Nickel 92

  7.12 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (5) – Export of Nickel Sulfate 93

  7.13 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (6) – Import of Nickel Sulfate 94

  7.14 Status of Securing Nickel Supply 95

  7.15 Trend of Nickel Extraction Technology 96

  7.16 Nickel Mining Supply 97

  7.17 Supply of Nickel Sulfate 99

  7.18 Outlook of Production Capacity by Major Companies 100

  7.19 History and Outlook of Nickel Price 101

8   Cobalt  

  8.1 Cobalt Overview 103

  8.2 Cobalt Products 104

  8.3 Cobalt Reserves and Production Status by Country 105

  8.4 Forms of Cobalt Resources 106

  8.5 Cobalt Extraction Process 107

  8.6 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (1) – Export of Cobalt Ore 108

  8.7 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (2) – Import of Cobalt Ore 109

  8.8 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (3) – Export of Oxide/Hydroxide Cobalt 110

  8.9 Import/Export Trend by Products (2020) (4) – Import of Oxide/Hydroxide Cobalt 111

  8.10 Status of Securing Cobalt Supply 112

  8.11 Correlation of Copper and Cobalt 113

  8.12 Geopolitical Risks 115

  8.13 Issues of Responsible Minerals Initiative in connection with Cobalt 116

  8.14 DR Congo set up EGC to control cobalt production by ASM 117

  8.15 Cobalt Mining Supply 118

  8.16 Supply of Cobalt Compounds 119

  8.17 Outlook of Production Capacity by Major Companies 120

  8.18 History and Outlook of Cobalt Price 121

9   Manganese  

  9.1 Manganese Overview 123

  9.2 Manganese Products 124

  9.3 Reserves and Production Status by Country 125

  9.4 Forms of Manganese Resources 126

  9.5 Manganese Usage for Batteries 127

  9.6 Trend of Securing Manganese Supply and Price History 128

 

Reference

1 Metal Content(kg/kWh) by Cathode Material Type 22

2 Mineral Content in one Electric Vehicle 24

3 Metal Content of Cathode Material in one Electric Vehicle (Tesla Model S) 25

4 Changes in Raw Material Market 31

5 Cell Cost as per Changes in Raw Material Price 32

6 Consumption of Raw Materials in 30GWh Giga Factory 59

7 Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (Li2CO3, LCE) 63

8 Lithium ESG Risks 69

9 Status of Securing Lithium Supply in Tesla 75

10 Nickel Intermediate Goods 84

11 Nickel Market for Stainless Steel 98

12 Profit Structure of Mines 114